A : An inductor and a capacitor are called low pass filter and high pass filter respectively.
R : Reactance of an inductor is low for low frequency signals and that of a capacitor is high for high frequency signals.

Options

A. If both Assertion & Reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion, then mark (1)
B. If both Assertion & Reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion, then mark (2)
C. If Assertion is true statement but Reason is false, then mark (3)
D. If both Assertion and Reason are false statement, then mark (4)

Answer

To analyze the given assertion and reason, we will break down the concepts of low pass filters, high pass filters, and the reactance of inductors and capacitors step by step.

### Step 1: Understanding the Assertion
The assertion states that an inductor is a low pass filter and a capacitor is a high pass filter.

**Explanation:**
- A low pass filter allows low-frequency signals to pass through while attenuating (reducing) the amplitude of higher frequency signals. Inductors exhibit this behavior because they oppose changes in current, which is more pronounced at higher frequencies.
- A high pass filter allows high-frequency signals to pass through while attenuating low-frequency signals. Capacitors exhibit this behavior because they oppose changes in voltage, which is more pronounced at lower frequencies.

**Conclusion for Step 1:**
The assertion is correct.

### Step 2: Understanding the Reason
The reason states that the reactance of an inductor is low for low frequency signals, and that of a capacitor is high for high frequency signals.

**Explanation:**
- The reactance of an inductor (XL) is given by the formula:
\[ X_L = 2\pi f L \]
where \( f \) is the frequency and \( L \) is the inductance. As frequency increases, the reactance of the inductor increases.

- The reactance of a capacitor (XC) is given by the formula:
\[ X_C = \frac{1}{2\pi f C} \]
where \( C \) is the capacitance. As frequency increases, the reactance of the capacitor decreases.

**Conclusion for Step 2:**
The reason is incorrect because it states that the reactance of an inductor is low for low frequencies, which is not true; it is actually high at low frequencies. Additionally, it incorrectly states that the reactance of a capacitor is high for high frequencies.

### Final Conclusion
- Assertion (A) is correct.
- Reason (R) is incorrect.

### Answer:
The correct option is that the assertion is true, but the reason is false.

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