Optical fibre are based on

Options

A. Total internal reflection
B. Less scattering
C. Refraction
D. Less absorption coefficient

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Optical Fibers:**
Optical fibers are thin strands of glass or plastic that transmit light signals over long distances. They are commonly used in telecommunications and networking.

2. **Identifying the Principle:**
The key principle behind optical fibers is the behavior of light as it travels through different media. Specifically, we need to focus on how light behaves at the boundary between two different optical materials.

3. **Total Internal Reflection (TIR):**
When light travels from a denser medium (like glass) to a less dense medium (like air), it can be reflected back into the denser medium if it strikes the boundary at a certain angle, known as the critical angle. This phenomenon is called Total Internal Reflection (TIR).

4. **Application in Optical Fibers:**
In optical fibers, the core (the central part of the fiber) has a higher refractive index than the cladding (the outer layer). When light enters the fiber at an appropriate angle, it undergoes TIR at the core-cladding boundary, allowing the light to be guided along the fiber without escaping.

5. **Evaluating the Options:**
- **Option 1: TIR (Total Internal Reflection)** - This is the correct answer as it describes the principle on which optical fibers operate.
- **Option 2: Less Scattering** - This is not the primary principle of optical fibers.
- **Option 3: Refraction** - While refraction occurs, it is not the main principle for light transmission in optical fibers.
- **Option 4: Less Absorption** - This is not a fundamental principle of optical fibers.

6. **Conclusion:**
Based on the explanation, optical fibers are fundamentally based on Total Internal Reflection (TIR).

**Final Answer:**
Optical fibers are based on Total Internal Reflection (TIR).

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