Presence of a nitro group in a benzene ring:

The typical reaction of benzene and other aromatic compounds is electrophilic substitution. Presence of electron donating group activates the ring towards electrophilic substitution, while presence of electron withdrawing group deactivates the ring towards electrophilic substitution but at the same time activates the ring towards nucleophilic substitution. Some groups are predominantly meta directing and all of these are deactivating. Except halogen, most of the o- and p- directing groups are activating groups. (E.A.S = Electrophilic aromatic substation) Presence of nitro group in benzene ring:

Presence of nitro group in benzene makes further substitution

Why does presence of a nifro group make the benzene ring less reactive in comparison to the unsubstituted benzene ring . Explain .

Why does presence of a nifro group make the benzene ring less reactive in comparison to the unsubstituted benzene ring . Explain .

Presence of – NH_2 group in benzene ring activates the ring for further substitution reaction, explain why ?