In the given reaction sequence
`C_(6)H_(5)CHO+CH_(3)-NO_(2)overset((i)NaOH(ii)Delta)rarr[X]`
[X] will be

Options

A. `C_(6)H_(5)-CHOH-CH_(2)-CHO`
B. `C_(6)H_(5)CH_(2)OH`
C. `C_(6)H_(5)-COOH`
D. `C_(6)H_(5)-CH=CH-NO_(2)`

Answer

To solve the given reaction sequence involving benzaldehyde (C₆H₅CHO) and nitromethane (CH₃NO₂), we will follow these steps:

### Step 1: Identify the Reactants
The reactants in the reaction are benzaldehyde (C₆H₅CHO) and nitromethane (CH₃NO₂).

### Step 2: Understand the Role of Nitromethane
Nitromethane has a hydrogen atom that is acidic due to the presence of the nitro group. This means that it can lose a proton (H⁺) to form a nitromethane anion (CH₂NO₂⁻).

### Step 3: Formation of the Nucleophile
When we add NaOH to the reaction mixture, it will deprotonate nitromethane, generating the nitromethane anion (CH₂NO₂⁻). This anion acts as a nucleophile.

### Step 4: Nucleophilic Attack on Benzaldehyde
The nucleophile (CH₂NO₂⁻) will attack the electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl group in benzaldehyde (C₆H₅CHO). This results in the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate.

### Step 5: Proton Transfer
In the tetrahedral intermediate, the oxygen of the carbonyl group will take a proton (H⁺) from water or the surrounding medium, leading to the formation of an alcohol functional group. The resulting compound will have the structure: C₆H₅C(OH)(CH₂NO₂).

### Step 6: Elimination Reaction
Upon heating (Δ), a beta elimination reaction occurs. The hydroxyl group (OH) and a hydrogen atom from the adjacent carbon (the one attached to the nitro group) will be eliminated as water (H₂O). This results in the formation of an alkene.

### Step 7: Final Product
The final product after elimination will be C₆H₅CH=CHNO₂, which is an alkene with a nitro group.

### Conclusion
Thus, the compound [X] formed in the reaction sequence is C₆H₅CH=CHNO₂.

### Final Answer
[X] = C₆H₅CH=CHNO₂

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