Arrange reactivity of given compounds in decreasing order for hydrolysis reaction?
(1) `CH_(3)-overset(O)overset(||)C-NH_(2)`
(2) `CH_(3)-overset(O)overset(||)C-Cl`
(3) `CH_(3)-overset(O)overset(||)C-O-overset(O)overset(||)C-CH_(3)`
(4) `CH_(3)-overset(O)overset(||)C-OC_(2)H_(5)`
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

Options

A. 1, 2, 3, 4
B. 2, 3, 4, 1
C. 2, 3, 1, 4
D. 1, 4, 2, 3

Answer

To determine the reactivity of the given compounds in decreasing order for hydrolysis, we need to analyze the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon in each compound. The more electrophilic the carbonyl carbon, the faster it will undergo hydrolysis.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Compounds**:
- (1) `CH3-C(=O)-NH2` (Amide)
- (2) `CH3-C(=O)-Cl` (Acyl Chloride)
- (3) `CH3-C(=O)-O-C(=O)-CH3` (Anhydride)
- (4) `CH3-C(=O)-O-C2H5` (Ester)

2. **Analyze the Electron-Withdrawing and Electron-Donating Effects**:
- **Amide (1)**: The `NH2` group has a +R (resonance) effect but also a -I (inductive) effect. However, the +R effect is stronger, making the carbonyl carbon less electrophilic.
- **Acyl Chloride (2)**: The `Cl` atom is highly electronegative and exhibits a strong -I effect, making the carbonyl carbon very electron deficient and highly electrophilic.
- **Anhydride (3)**: The oxygen atoms in the anhydride have a +R effect, but they also delocalize their lone pairs over two carbonyl groups, which reduces the overall electron density on each carbonyl carbon compared to acyl chloride.
- **Ester (4)**: Similar to anhydride, the oxygen in the ester also shows a +R effect, but it is only acting on one carbonyl group, making it less electrophilic than the anhydride.

3. **Rank the Compounds Based on Electrophilicity**:
- **Most Electrophilic**: Acyl Chloride (2) - due to the strong -I effect of chlorine.
- **Next**: Anhydride (3) - due to resonance but less effective than acyl chloride.
- **Then**: Ester (4) - due to resonance with one carbonyl.
- **Least Electrophilic**: Amide (1) - due to the +R effect of the `NH2` group.

4. **Final Order of Reactivity for Hydrolysis**:
- (2) Acyl Chloride > (3) Anhydride > (4) Ester > (1) Amide

### Conclusion:
The correct order of reactivity for hydrolysis in decreasing order is:
**(2) > (3) > (4) > (1)**