What is the collective term for " habitat loss and fragmentation , over- exploitation , invasion on of alien species and co-extinction " ?

Options

A. Evil Quarter
B. Four major causes of increasing biodiversity
C. Spore tetrad
D. Tetrasporic loss of biodiversity

Answer

To solve the question regarding the collective term for "habitat loss and fragmentation, over-exploitation, invasion of alien species, and co-extinction," we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Terms**: The question lists four specific causes of biodiversity loss:
- Habitat loss and fragmentation
- Over-exploitation
- Invasion of alien species
- Co-extinction

2. **Understand Biodiversity Loss**: Each of these terms relates to factors that negatively impact biodiversity. Understanding what each term means can help clarify their collective impact on ecosystems.

3. **Look for the Collective Term**: The question asks for a collective term that encompasses all four causes.

4. **Recall Relevant Terminology**: In ecology, there is a specific term that refers to the main causes of biodiversity loss. This term is often used in conservation biology.

5. **Identify the Correct Term**: The collective term for the four causes listed is "Evil Quartet." This term was coined to describe the four major threats to biodiversity.

6. **Evaluate the Options**: Based on the understanding that "Evil Quartet" is the correct term, we can eliminate the other options provided in the question as they do not accurately describe the collective causes of biodiversity loss.

7. **Conclude with the Correct Answer**: Therefore, the correct answer to the question is "Evil Quartet."

### Final Answer:
The collective term for "habitat loss and fragmentation, over-exploitation, invasion of alien species, and co-extinction" is **Evil Quartet**.

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