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During the electron transport in mitocho...

During the electron transport in mitochondria which of the following changes are observed .
(1) The pH of the matrix increases.
(2) ATP synthase synthesizes one molecule of ATP when a pair of the proton is transferred back to the matrix.
(3) `NAD^(+)` is oxidised.

A

only 1

B

1 and 2

C

2 and 3

D

1,2 and 3

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The correct Answer is:
To solve the question regarding the changes observed during electron transport in mitochondria, we will analyze each statement provided in the question step by step. ### Step 1: Analyze the first statement **Statement 1: The pH of the matrix increases.** During electron transport, protons (H⁺ ions) are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space. This results in a higher concentration of protons in the intermembrane space compared to the matrix. As a result, the pH of the matrix increases (becomes less acidic). Therefore, this statement is **correct**. ### Step 2: Analyze the second statement **Statement 2: ATP synthase synthesizes one molecule of ATP when a pair of protons is transferred back to the matrix.** ATP synthase utilizes the proton gradient created by the electron transport chain. When protons flow back into the matrix through ATP synthase, it catalyzes the conversion of ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) into ATP. Specifically, it is estimated that approximately 3 protons are needed to synthesize one molecule of ATP. Therefore, this statement is **incorrect** because it states that only a pair of protons is required. ### Step 3: Analyze the third statement **Statement 3: NAD⁺ is oxidized.** In the context of the electron transport chain, NADH is oxidized to NAD⁺ as it donates electrons to the chain. This is a crucial step in the process, as it allows the continuation of electron transport and the generation of a proton gradient. Therefore, this statement is **correct**. ### Conclusion Based on the analysis: - Statement 1 is **correct**. - Statement 2 is **incorrect**. - Statement 3 is **correct**. Thus, the correct answer to the question is that the changes observed during electron transport in mitochondria are statements 1 and 3. ### Final Answer The correct option is **1 and 3**.
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