Which statement (s) is/are not true for the five-kingdom classification proposed by R.H. Whittaker (1969)?
(a) The main criteria for classification include cell structure, thallus organization, mode of nutrition, reproductions, and phylogenetic relationship.
(b) All prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria, blue-green algae, and ferns are grouped together under kingdom monera.
(c) Chlamydomonas, chlorella, and spirogyra are placed in Algae within plants due to the presence of the cell well.
(d) Fungi are placed in a separate kingdom: Kingdom fungi.
(e) Paramecium and Amoeba are placed in the animal kingdom due to lack of cell wall.

Options

A. Only a
B. a, b, d
C. a, b and e
D. a , d and e

Answer

To determine which statements are not true for the five-kingdom classification proposed by R.H. Whittaker in 1969, we will analyze each statement one by one.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Statement (a)**: "The main criteria for classification include cell structure, thallus organization, mode of nutrition, reproduction, and phylogenetic relationship."
- **Analysis**: This statement is partially incorrect. While cell structure, mode of nutrition, reproduction, and phylogenetic relationships are indeed criteria used in classification, "thallus organization" is not a recognized criterion in Whittaker's classification. Instead, "body organization" is more appropriate.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **not true**.

2. **Statement (b)**: "All prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria, blue-green algae, and ferns are grouped together under kingdom Monera."
- **Analysis**: This statement is incorrect. While bacteria and blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) are indeed classified under kingdom Monera, ferns are not prokaryotic; they are vascular plants and belong to the kingdom Plantae.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **not true**.

3. **Statement (c)**: "Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, and Spirogyra are placed in Algae within plants due to the presence of the cell wall."
- **Analysis**: This statement is true. Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, and Spirogyra are indeed classified as algae, which are part of the plant kingdom, and they possess a cell wall.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **true**.

4. **Statement (d)**: "Fungi are placed in a separate kingdom: Kingdom Fungi."
- **Analysis**: This statement is true. Fungi are indeed classified in their own kingdom, separate from plants and animals.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **true**.

5. **Statement (e)**: "Paramecium and Amoeba are placed in the animal kingdom due to lack of cell wall."
- **Analysis**: This statement is incorrect. Paramecium and Amoeba are classified under the kingdom Protista, not the animal kingdom. They are unicellular organisms and do not have a cell wall, but they are not classified as animals.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **not true**.

### Final Conclusion:
The statements that are **not true** are (a), (b), and (e).