Select the CORRECT option :
`{:((1),"Predation",(i),"Cattle and egret"),((2),"Commensalism",(ii),"Human and plasmodium vivax"),((3),"Parasitism",(iii),"Fungi and bacteria"),((4),"Amensalism",(iv),"Cat and rat"):}`

Options

A. `{:((1),(2),(3),"(4)"),((ii),(i),(iv),"(iii)):}`
B. `{:((1),(2),(3),"(4)"),((i),(iv),(iii),"(ii)):}`
C. `{:((1),(2),(3),"(4)"),((iv),(i),(ii),"(iii)):}`
D. `{:((1),(2),(3),"(4)"),((iii),(iv),(ii),"(i)):}`

Answer

To solve the question, we need to match the types of ecological interactions in column 1 with the corresponding examples in column 2. Let's analyze each interaction type and its example step by step.

### Step 1: Understand the Types of Interactions
1. **Predation**: This is an interaction where one organism (the predator) kills and eats another organism (the prey).
2. **Commensalism**: In this interaction, one species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed.
3. **Parasitism**: This interaction involves one organism (the parasite) benefiting at the expense of another organism (the host).
4. **Amensalism**: In this interaction, one species is harmed while the other is unaffected.

### Step 2: Analyze the Examples
1. **Cattle and Egret**: This is an example of commensalism. The egret benefits from the cattle by getting food (insects disturbed by the cattle), while the cattle are unaffected.
2. **Human and Plasmodium vivax**: This is an example of parasitism. Plasmodium vivax is a parasite that lives in humans and causes malaria, harming the human host.
3. **Fungi and Bacteria**: This is an example of amensalism. The fungus (like Penicillium) can inhibit the growth of bacteria, harming them while the fungus remains unaffected.
4. **Cat and Rat**: This is an example of predation. The cat (predator) hunts and eats the rat (prey).

### Step 3: Match the Interactions with Examples
Now we can match the interactions with their respective examples:
- (1) **Predation**: (iv) **Cat and Rat**
- (2) **Commensalism**: (i) **Cattle and Egret**
- (3) **Parasitism**: (ii) **Human and Plasmodium vivax**
- (4) **Amensalism**: (iii) **Fungi and Bacteria**

### Step 4: Select the Correct Option
Based on the matches:
- 1 (Predation) - iv (Cat and Rat)
- 2 (Commensalism) - i (Cattle and Egret)
- 3 (Parasitism) - ii (Human and Plasmodium vivax)
- 4 (Amensalism) - iii (Fungi and Bacteria)

The correct option that matches these interactions is **Option C**.