In a 5 0 kingdom classification system , the kingdom that includes the photorophus , chemotrophs, and heterophs, is ……..

Options

A. Animalia
B. Fungi
C. Protista
D. Monera

Answer

To solve the question regarding which kingdom in the five-kingdom classification includes phototrophs, chemotrophs, and heterotrophs, we will follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand the Terms
- **Phototrophs**: These are organisms that obtain their energy from light. They can convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
- **Chemotrophs**: These organisms derive their energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds. They do not rely on sunlight for energy.
- **Heterotrophs**: These organisms cannot synthesize their own food and rely on other organisms (either living or dead) for nutrition.

### Step 2: Identify the Kingdoms
In the five-kingdom classification system proposed by Whittaker, the kingdoms are:
1. Monera
2. Protista
3. Fungi
4. Plantae
5. Animalia

### Step 3: Analyze Each Kingdom
- **Animalia**: This kingdom consists of heterotrophic organisms that consume other organisms for energy. It does not include phototrophs or chemotrophs.
- **Fungi**: This kingdom primarily consists of heterotrophs that decompose organic matter. It does not include phototrophs or chemotrophs.
- **Protista**: This kingdom includes a diverse range of organisms, some of which can be phototrophic (like algae), but it does not encompass all chemotrophs and heterotrophs.
- **Monera**: This kingdom includes prokaryotic organisms (bacteria) that can be phototrophic, chemotrophic, or heterotrophic. It is the most inclusive of the three types of organisms mentioned.

### Step 4: Conclusion
Based on the definitions and characteristics of the kingdoms, the kingdom that includes phototrophs, chemotrophs, and heterotrophs is **D. Monera**.

### Final Answer
The kingdom that includes phototrophs, chemotrophs, and heterotrophs is **D. Monera**.