Phenol is used in the manufacture of:

Options

A. Bakelite
B. Polystyrene
C. Nylon
D. PVC

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Phenol**: Phenol (C6H5OH) is an aromatic compound that contains a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to a benzene ring. It is a key starting material in organic synthesis.

2. **Reactions of Phenol**: Phenol can undergo various reactions, including polymerization. One significant reaction is with formaldehyde (HCHO), where phenol reacts to form a polymer.

3. **Formation of Phenoxy Ion**: In the presence of a base, the hydroxyl group of phenol can lose a proton (H+), forming the phenoxide ion (C6H5O-). This ion is more reactive due to increased electron density on the ortho and para positions of the benzene ring.

4. **Electrophilic Attack**: The phenoxide ion can undergo electrophilic substitution reactions. The negative charge on the ortho and para positions allows for the attack of electrophiles, such as formaldehyde.

5. **Hydroxymethylation**: When phenol reacts with formaldehyde, it can lead to the formation of ortho- and para-hydroxymethylphenol. This involves the addition of a hydroxymethyl (-CH2OH) group to the aromatic ring.

6. **Cross-Linking**: If the reaction mixture is heated in the presence of formaldehyde, cross-linking occurs, leading to the formation of a three-dimensional network structure.

7. **Formation of Bakelite**: The final product of this polymerization and cross-linking reaction is Bakelite, which is a type of phenolic resin. Bakelite is known for its durability and heat resistance and is used in various applications, including electrical insulators and kitchenware.

8. **Conclusion**: Therefore, phenol is used in the manufacture of Bakelite.

**Final Answer**: Phenol is used in the manufacture of Bakelite.

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