Which of the following do not depend on temperature?

Options

A. % W/V (weight/volume)
B. molality
C. molarity
D. normality

Answer

To determine which of the following options do not depend on temperature, let's analyze each option one by one:

1. **% Weight by Volume**:
- Formula: % weight by volume = (mass of solute / volume of solution) × 100
- This measure involves the volume of the solution, which can change with temperature. As temperature increases, the volume of the solution may also increase, thus affecting the % weight by volume.

2. **Molality**:
- Formula: Molality (m) = (number of moles of solute / mass of solvent in kg)
- Molality is defined based on the mass of the solvent, which does not change with temperature. Therefore, molality is independent of temperature.

3. **Molarity**:
- Formula: Molarity (M) = (number of moles of solute / volume of solution in liters)
- Molarity involves the volume of the solution, which is affected by temperature. As temperature increases, the volume may expand, thus changing the molarity.

4. **Normality**:
- Formula: Normality (N) = n-factor × Molarity
- Since normality is directly related to molarity, and molarity depends on volume (which changes with temperature), normality also depends on temperature.

From the analysis above, we can conclude that:

- **Option B (Molality)** is the only option that does not depend on temperature.

### Final Answer:
**The correct answer is Option B: Molality.**

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