Read the following statements about evolution :
Homology is based on convergent evolution whereas analogy refers to a situation exactly opposite .
Industrial melanism in England is one of best examples of comparative anatomy.
Disturbance in genetic equilibrium in a population indicates the evolution have occurred .

Options

A. A ,B ,and C are true
B. A ,B ,and C are false
C. B and C are true , A is false
D. A and B are false , C is true

Answer

To solve the question regarding the statements about evolution, we need to evaluate each statement one by one:

### Step 1: Evaluate the first statement
**Statement 1**: "Homology is based on convergent evolution whereas analogy refers to a situation exactly opposite."

- **Analysis**:
- Homology refers to structures that are similar due to shared ancestry (e.g., the forelimbs of humans and whales).
- Analogy refers to structures that are similar due to convergent evolution, where different species develop similar traits independently (e.g., wings of bats and insects).
- Therefore, the statement incorrectly associates homology with convergent evolution.

**Conclusion**: This statement is **false**.

### Step 2: Evaluate the second statement
**Statement 2**: "Industrial melanism in England is one of the best examples of comparative anatomy."

- **Analysis**:
- Industrial melanism refers to the phenomenon where darker individuals of a species become more common due to industrial pollution (e.g., the peppered moth).
- This example illustrates natural selection rather than comparative anatomy, which studies the similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species.
- Therefore, the statement misclassifies industrial melanism as a comparative anatomy example.

**Conclusion**: This statement is **false**.

### Step 3: Evaluate the third statement
**Statement 3**: "Disturbance in genetic equilibrium in a population indicates that evolution has occurred."

- **Analysis**:
- Genetic equilibrium (Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium) refers to a stable state where allele frequencies remain constant over generations.
- A disturbance in this equilibrium suggests that evolutionary forces (like natural selection, mutation, migration, or genetic drift) are acting on the population, leading to changes in allele frequencies.
- Therefore, this statement correctly indicates that evolution has occurred if genetic equilibrium is disturbed.

**Conclusion**: This statement is **true**.

### Final Conclusion
Based on the evaluations:
- Statement 1: False
- Statement 2: False
- Statement 3: True

Thus, the correct option is that statements A and B are false, and C is true.