The product obtained on alkaline hydrolysis of fats

Options

A. Oils
B. Soaps
C. Detergents
D. Glycol + acid

Answer

To solve the question regarding the product obtained on alkaline hydrolysis of fats, we will follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Fats**:
- Fats are primarily triglycerides, which are esters formed from glycerol and three fatty acids. The general formula for a triglyceride is R1COOR2, where R1, R2, and R3 represent hydrocarbon chains of fatty acids.

2. **Alkaline Hydrolysis**:
- Alkaline hydrolysis of fats involves the reaction of fats with a strong base, typically sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH). This process is also known as saponification.

3. **Reaction Process**:
- During alkaline hydrolysis, the triglyceride reacts with the base, leading to the breakdown of the ester bonds. The reaction can be represented as follows:
\[ \text{Triglyceride} + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{Glycerol} + \text{Soap} \]
- Here, soap is formed as the sodium salt of the fatty acids.

4. **Products of the Reaction**:
- The products of the alkaline hydrolysis of fats are:
- **Glycerol**: A three-carbon alcohol (C3H8O3).
- **Soap**: The sodium salts of the fatty acids (RCOONa), where R represents the hydrocarbon chain of the fatty acid.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the main products obtained from the alkaline hydrolysis of fats are glycerol and soap (sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids).

### Final Answer:
The products obtained on alkaline hydrolysis of fats are **glycerol and soap**.

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