Identify the final product
`PhCH_(3) underset(H_(2)SO_(4))overset(HNO_(3))to p-O_(2)N-C_(6)H_(4)CH_(3) underset(H^(+))overset(MnO_(4))to (X) underset((ii)NH_(3))overset((i)SOCl_(2))to (Y) overset(P_(2)O_(5))to(Z)`

Options

A. `p-O_(2)N-C_(6)H_(4)-CO_(2)H`
B. `p-O_(2)N-C_(6)H_(4)-CN`
C. `p-O_(2)N-C_(6)H_(4)-CONH_(2)`
D. `p-O_(2)N-C_(6)H_(4)-CH_(2)CN`

Answer

To solve the problem step by step, let's break down the reactions and identify the final product (Z) based on the provided information.

### Step 1: Nitration of Toluene
- **Reaction**: Toluene (PhCH₃) is treated with a mixture of concentrated H₂SO₄ and HNO₃.
- **Product**: This reaction introduces a nitro group (-NO₂) to the aromatic ring, preferentially at the para position due to the activating effect of the methyl group.
- **Intermediate Product**: p-Nitrotoluene (p-O₂N-C₆H₄CH₃).

**Hint**: Remember that the nitration of toluene leads to the formation of nitrotoluene, and the methyl group directs the nitro group to the para position.

### Step 2: Oxidation of p-Nitrotoluene
- **Reaction**: p-Nitrotoluene is then oxidized using KMnO₄ (potassium permanganate), a strong oxidizing agent.
- **Product**: The methyl group (-CH₃) is oxidized to a carboxylic acid (-COOH), resulting in p-Nitrobenzoic acid (p-O₂N-C₆H₄COOH).

**Hint**: Strong oxidizing agents like KMnO₄ can convert alkyl groups to carboxylic acids.

### Step 3: Reaction with Thionyl Chloride (SOCl₂)
- **Reaction**: p-Nitrobenzoic acid reacts with thionyl chloride (SOCl₂).
- **Product**: This reaction converts the carboxylic acid (-COOH) into an acyl chloride (-COCl), resulting in p-Nitrobenzoyl chloride (p-O₂N-C₆H₄COCl).

**Hint**: Thionyl chloride is commonly used to convert carboxylic acids to acyl chlorides.

### Step 4: Reaction with Ammonia (NH₃)
- **Reaction**: p-Nitrobenzoyl chloride reacts with ammonia (NH₃).
- **Product**: The acyl chloride reacts with ammonia to form an amide, yielding p-Nitrobenzamide (p-O₂N-C₆H₄CONH₂).

**Hint**: Acyl chlorides react with ammonia to form amides, replacing the chloride with an amine group.

### Step 5: Dehydration with Phosphorus Pentoxide (P₂O₅)
- **Reaction**: p-Nitrobenzamide undergoes dehydration using phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅).
- **Product**: This step removes water, leading to the formation of p-Nitrobenzene (p-O₂N-C₆H₄) as the final product (Z).

**Hint**: P₂O₅ is a dehydrating agent that can facilitate the removal of water from amides to yield aromatic compounds.

### Final Product
The final product (Z) is **p-Nitrobenzene (p-O₂N-C₆H₄)**.

### Summary of Steps
1. Nitration of toluene → p-Nitrotoluene
2. Oxidation of p-Nitrotoluene → p-Nitrobenzoic acid
3. Conversion of p-Nitrobenzoic acid to p-Nitrobenzoyl chloride
4. Reaction of p-Nitrobenzoyl chloride with ammonia → p-Nitrobenzamide
5. Dehydration of p-Nitrobenzamide → p-Nitrobenzene