Discuss the various reactions that occur in the Solvay process

Explanation

In Solvay ammonia process, `CO_(2)` is passed through brine, (i.e., a concentrated solution of NaCl) saturated with ammonia when sodium bicarbonate being sparingly soluble gets precipitated
Nacl +`NH_(3) + CO_(2) + H_(2)O rarr NaHCO_(3) + NH_(4)Cl`
Sodium bicarbonate on subsequent heating gives sodium carbonate,
` 2NaChO_(3) rarr Na_(2)CO_(3) + Co_(2) + H_(2)O`
`CO_(2)`, needed for the reaction shown in Eq. () is prepared by heating calcium carbonate and the quick lime, Cao is dissolved in water to form slaked lime, `Ca(OH)_(2)`
`CaCO_(3) rarr + CaO + CO_(2)`
`CaO + H_(2)O = Ca(OH)_(2)`
`NH_(3)` needed for the purpose is prepared by heating `NH_(4)CI` obtained in Eq. (i) with `Ca(OH)_(2)` obtained in Eq. (ii)
`2 NH_(4)Cl + Ca(OH)_(2) + 2 NH_(3) + CaCl_(2)+ 2 H_(2)O` Therefore, the only by product of the reaction is calcium chloride, `Cacl_(2)`,