Read the following sentences and then following sentences and then answer the given below.
I. Parathyroid hormone regulates the metabolism of calcium.
II. Vasopressin is also called antidiuretic hormone.
III. Grave's disease is caused by malfunctioning of the adrenal gland.
IV. Oxytocin facilitates parturition by acting on the middle layer of the uterus which is made-up of striated involuntary muscles.

Options

A. I and III are true, II and IV are false
B. I and II are true , II and IV are false
C. I and IV are false , II and IV are true
D. I , II and III are true, IV only false

Answer

To analyze the provided statements and determine their correctness, we will evaluate each statement one by one.

### Step 1: Evaluate Statement I
**Statement I:** Parathyroid hormone regulates the metabolism of calcium.
- **Explanation:** Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid glands and plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the blood. It increases blood calcium levels by promoting the release of calcium from bones, increasing calcium absorption in the intestines, and reducing calcium loss in urine.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is **True**.

### Step 2: Evaluate Statement II
**Statement II:** Vasopressin is also called antidiuretic hormone.
- **Explanation:** Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), is produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland. Its primary function is to regulate water balance in the body by reducing urine production and promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is **True**.

### Step 3: Evaluate Statement III
**Statement III:** Grave's disease is caused by malfunctioning of the adrenal gland.
- **Explanation:** Grave's disease is an autoimmune disorder that leads to hyperthyroidism, which is caused by an overactive thyroid gland, not the adrenal gland. The adrenal glands are responsible for producing different hormones, and their malfunction does not directly cause Grave's disease.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is **False**.

### Step 4: Evaluate Statement IV
**Statement IV:** Oxytocin facilitates parturition by acting on the middle layer of the uterus which is made-up of striated involuntary muscles.
- **Explanation:** Oxytocin is a hormone that stimulates contractions during childbirth. However, the middle layer of the uterus (myometrium) is composed of smooth muscle, not striated muscle. Striated muscles are found in skeletal and cardiac tissues.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is **False**.

### Final Conclusion
Based on the evaluations:
- Statement I: True
- Statement II: True
- Statement III: False
- Statement IV: False

Thus, the correct answer is that the **1st and 2nd statements are true, while the 3rd and 4th statements are false**.

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