The kind of evolution seen between flying insects, birds and bats is

Options

A. divergent evolution.
B. parrallel evolution.
C. retrogressive metamorphosis
D. convergent evolution

Answer

To solve the question regarding the type of evolution seen between flying insects, birds, and bats, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Organisms**: The question mentions flying insects, birds, and bats.
- Flying insects are invertebrates.
- Birds and bats are vertebrates.

2. **Determine the Evolutionary Relationship**:
- Since flying insects, birds, and bats have different evolutionary origins (insects are invertebrates while birds and bats are vertebrates), we need to analyze how they have developed the ability to fly.

3. **Understand the Concept of Convergent Evolution**:
- Convergent evolution occurs when different organisms evolve similar traits or functions independently, often because they adapt to similar environments or ecological niches.
- In this case, flying insects, birds, and bats have developed the ability to fly, but they do so through different anatomical structures (wings of insects vs. wings of birds and bats).

4. **Differentiate Between Analogous and Homologous Structures**:
- The wings of insects, birds, and bats are considered analogous structures because they perform the same function (flight) but arise from different evolutionary paths.
- Homologous structures would indicate a common ancestry, which is not the case here since the ancestors of these organisms are different.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the type of evolution seen between flying insects, birds, and bats is **Convergent Evolution**.

### Final Answer:
The correct option is **Convergent evolution**.

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