In which of the following molecule, central atom has more than 8 electrons in outermost orbit?

Options

A. `SO_(3)`
B. `SO_(2)`
C. `P_(2)O_(5)`
D. All of these

Answer

To determine which molecule has a central atom with more than 8 electrons in its outermost orbit, we will analyze the Lewis structures of the given molecules. Let's go through each molecule step by step.

### Step 1: Analyze SO3 (Sulfur Trioxide)
1. **Identify the central atom**: Sulfur (S).
2. **Count the valence electrons**: Sulfur has 6 valence electrons (Group 16).
3. **Draw the Lewis structure**:
- Sulfur forms double bonds with three oxygen atoms.
- Each double bond consists of 4 electrons (2 from sulfur and 2 from oxygen).
4. **Count the total electrons around sulfur**:
- Sulfur shares 2 electrons with each of the 3 oxygen atoms: 3 double bonds = 6 electrons.
- Total electrons around sulfur = 6 (from bonds) + 6 (from its own) = 12 electrons.
5. **Conclusion**: Sulfur in SO3 has more than 8 electrons.

### Step 2: Analyze SO2 (Sulfur Dioxide)
1. **Identify the central atom**: Sulfur (S).
2. **Count the valence electrons**: Sulfur has 6 valence electrons.
3. **Draw the Lewis structure**:
- Sulfur forms a double bond with one oxygen and a single bond with another oxygen.
- The double bond contributes 4 electrons and the single bond contributes 2 electrons.
4. **Count the total electrons around sulfur**:
- Total electrons = 4 (from double bond) + 2 (from single bond) + 2 (lone pair on sulfur) = 10 electrons.
5. **Conclusion**: Sulfur in SO2 also has more than 8 electrons.

### Step 3: Analyze P2O5 (Diphosphorus Pentoxide)
1. **Identify the central atom**: Phosphorus (P).
2. **Count the valence electrons**: Phosphorus has 5 valence electrons (Group 15).
3. **Draw the Lewis structure**:
- Each phosphorus atom forms double bonds with 5 oxygen atoms.
4. **Count the total electrons around phosphorus**:
- Each phosphorus shares 4 electrons with each of the 5 oxygens (2 from phosphorus and 2 from oxygen).
- Total electrons around each phosphorus = 5 (from bonds) + 5 (from its own) = 10 electrons.
5. **Conclusion**: Each phosphorus in P2O5 has more than 8 electrons.

### Final Conclusion
All three molecules (SO3, SO2, and P2O5) have central atoms that possess more than 8 electrons in their outermost orbit.

### Answer
The correct answer is that all of the given molecules (SO3, SO2, and P2O5) have central atoms with more than 8 electrons in their outermost orbit.

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