In which one of the following species the central atom has the type of hybridization which is not the same as that present in the other three ?

Options

A. `SF_(4)`
B. `l_(3)^(-)`
C. `SbCl_(3)^`
D. `PCl_(5)`

Answer

To determine which species has a central atom with a different type of hybridization compared to the others, we will analyze the hybridization of the central atom in each species provided.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Species**: The species we are analyzing are SF4, I3-, PCl3, and PCl5.

2. **Calculate Hybridization for SF4**:
- **Valence Electrons**: Sulfur (S) is in group 16, so it has 6 valence electrons.
- **Monovalent Atoms**: There are 4 fluorine (F) atoms, each contributing 1 electron.
- **Formula**: Hybridization = (Valence Electrons of Central Atom + Number of Monovalent Atoms) / 2
- **Calculation**: (6 + 4) / 2 = 10 / 2 = 5
- **Hybridization**: SP3D

3. **Calculate Hybridization for I3-**:
- **Valence Electrons**: Iodine (I) is in group 17, so it has 7 valence electrons. For I3-, we have 1 extra electron due to the negative charge.
- **Monovalent Atoms**: There are 2 Iodine atoms contributing 1 electron each.
- **Formula**: Hybridization = (7 + 2 + 1) / 2
- **Calculation**: (7 + 2 + 1) / 2 = 10 / 2 = 5
- **Hybridization**: SP3D

4. **Calculate Hybridization for PCl3**:
- **Valence Electrons**: Phosphorus (P) is in group 15, so it has 5 valence electrons.
- **Monovalent Atoms**: There are 3 chlorine (Cl) atoms.
- **Formula**: Hybridization = (5 + 3) / 2
- **Calculation**: (5 + 3) / 2 = 8 / 2 = 4
- **Hybridization**: SP3

5. **Calculate Hybridization for PCl5**:
- **Valence Electrons**: Phosphorus (P) has 5 valence electrons.
- **Monovalent Atoms**: There are 5 chlorine (Cl) atoms.
- **Formula**: Hybridization = (5 + 5) / 2
- **Calculation**: (5 + 5) / 2 = 10 / 2 = 5
- **Hybridization**: SP3D

6. **Comparison of Hybridizations**:
- SF4: SP3D
- I3-: SP3D
- PCl3: SP3
- PCl5: SP3D

7. **Conclusion**: The hybridization of PCl3 (SP3) is different from the hybridizations of SF4, I3-, and PCl5 (all SP3D). Therefore, the answer is PCl3.

### Final Answer:
The species with a central atom that has a different type of hybridization is **PCl3**.