A state of equilibrium is reached when

Options

A. The rate of forward reaction is greater than the the rate of the reverse reaction
B. The concentration of the products and reactants are equal
C. More product is present than reactant
D. The concentration of the products and reactants have reached constant value

Answer

To determine when a state of equilibrium is reached in a chemical reaction, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Equilibrium**:
- Equilibrium in a chemical reaction is a state where the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time. This means that the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate.

2. **Identifying Reactants and Products**:
- Consider a generic reaction: A ⇌ B. Here, A is the reactant and B is the product.

3. **Concentration Changes**:
- As the reaction progresses, the concentration of A decreases while the concentration of B increases.

4. **Constant Concentration**:
- Equilibrium is achieved when the concentrations of both A and B no longer change. This means that the rate of formation of B from A (forward reaction) is equal to the rate of conversion of B back to A (reverse reaction).

5. **Equilibrium Condition**:
- Mathematically, this can be expressed as:
- Rate of forward reaction = Rate of backward reaction
- At equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products are constant, which can be represented as:
- [A] and [B] are constant.

6. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, a state of equilibrium is reached when the concentrations of the products and reactants remain constant over time.

### Final Answer:
A state of equilibrium is reached when the concentration of the product and reactant reaches a constant value.

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