The culprit for the ozone layer depletion is

Options

A. Nitrogen oxides
B. CFCs
C. UV-rays
D. Both (1)&(2)

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Ozone Layer**: The ozone layer is a region of Earth's stratosphere that contains a high concentration of ozone (O3) molecules. It plays a crucial role in absorbing the majority of the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

2. **Identifying the Culprits**: The primary substances responsible for ozone layer depletion are:
- **Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)**: These are man-made compounds used in refrigeration, air conditioning, and aerosol propellants. When released into the atmosphere, they eventually reach the stratosphere.
- **Halons**: Similar to CFCs, halons are used in fire extinguishers and can also contribute to ozone depletion.
- **Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)**: These are produced from combustion processes, such as those in vehicles and industrial activities, and can also lead to ozone depletion.
- **Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation**: UV rays can break down ozone molecules, leading to a reduction in the ozone layer.

3. **Mechanism of Ozone Depletion**:
- When CFCs and halons are exposed to UV radiation in the stratosphere, they release chlorine atoms.
- These chlorine atoms react with ozone (O3), resulting in the formation of chlorine monoxide (ClO) and oxygen (O2).
- The chlorine monoxide can further react with another ozone molecule, releasing the chlorine atom to continue the cycle of ozone depletion.

4. **Conclusion**: The main culprits for ozone layer depletion are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, and nitrogen oxides. Ultraviolet radiation plays a role in breaking down these compounds, leading to the release of chlorine that depletes ozone.