`PhCHO+HCHOoverset(aq.NaOH)underset(Delta)to` Products obtained are

Options

A. `PhCH_(2)OHandHCOONa`
B. `PhCOONaandCH_(3)OH`
C. `PhCOONaandHCOONa`
D. `PhCH_(2)OHandCH_(3)OH`

Answer

To solve the reaction between benzaldehyde (PhCHO) and formaldehyde (HCHO) in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) under heating, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Identify the Reactants
The reactants are:
- Benzaldehyde (PhCHO)
- Formaldehyde (HCHO)
- Aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

### Step 2: Understand the Reaction Type
This reaction is a type of aldol condensation, specifically a benzoin condensation, where two aldehydes react in the presence of a base. In this case, the hydroxide ion (OH-) acts as a nucleophile.

### Step 3: Nucleophilic Attack
The hydroxide ion will attack the carbonyl carbon of the more electrophilic aldehyde. In this case, formaldehyde (HCHO) is more electrophilic than benzaldehyde (PhCHO) due to the absence of electron-donating groups. Therefore, the nucleophile (OH-) will attack the carbonyl carbon of formaldehyde.

### Step 4: Formation of Alkoxide Intermediate
When the hydroxide ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of formaldehyde, it opens the carbonyl bond and forms an alkoxide intermediate:
- HCHO + OH- → H2C(OH)O-

### Step 5: Hydride Transfer
The next step involves a hydride transfer from the alkoxide intermediate to the carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. This step is crucial as it leads to the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond:
- H2C(OH)O- + PhCHO → PhCH(OH)CH2O-

### Step 6: Protonation and Final Product Formation
The alkoxide intermediate can then be protonated by water or another proton donor in the solution to yield the final products:
- PhCH(OH)CH2O- + H2O → PhCH(OH)CH2OH + OH-

### Step 7: Identify the Final Products
The final products of the reaction are:
1. Benzoin (PhCH(OH)CH2OH) - a hydroxy ketone
2. Acetate ion (from the deprotonation of the hydroxyl group)

### Conclusion
The products obtained from the reaction of benzaldehyde and formaldehyde in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide under heating are benzoin and acetate ion.

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