The terminal potential difference of a cell when short-circuited is (E = E.M.F. of the cell)

Can the terminal potential difference of a cell exceed its e.m.f. ?

The terminal voltage of a cell emf E on short circuiting will be

Show that the terminal potential difference of a cell connected in a closed circuit is , in general,less than its emf.

For the given circuit, terminal potential differences of cells are around

Distinguish between emf and terminal potential difference of a cell.