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Why and how bacteria can be made 'compet...

Why and how bacteria can be made 'competent' ?

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The bacterial cells are made competent by treating them with a specific concentration of divalent cations like calcium or magnesium e.g., `CaCl_(2) or MgCl_(2).` The cells are then incubated with recombinant DNA on ice, followed by heat shock and then again ice. This makes the cell wall permeable and bacterial cell takes up the plasmid DNA.
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