(a) Trace the succession of plants on a dry bare rock.
(b) How does phosphorus cycle differ from carbon cycle. ?

Explanation

(a) The species that invade a bare area are called pioneer species, e.g., lichens. The lichen secretes some acids to dissolve rock and help in weathering and soil formation. Later, some small bryophytes invade and hold the small amount of soil. The hryophytes are succeeded by herbs, shrubs, and ultimately big trees. At last a stable climax forest is formed. The xerophytic habitat gets converted into mesophytic one

(b)