Explain the process of artificial hybridisation to get improved crop, variety in (i) plants bearing bisexual flowers (ii) female parent producing unisexual flowers.

Explanation

Artifical Hybridisation is the major approach of crop improvement programme :
(i) Plants bearing bisexual flowers: Here emasculation is done, i.e., removal of anthers from the flower bud before the another splits using forceps. Emasu]ated flo wers have tn be covered with a bag of suitable size, generally made up of butter paper to prevent contamination of its stigma with unwanted pollen. This process is called bagging. When the stigma is bagged flower achieves receptivity, mature pollen grains collected from anther of the male parent are dusted un the stigma, and the flowers are rebagged.
(ii) If the female parents produces unisexual flowers there is no need for emasculation. The female flower buds are bagged before the flowers open. When the stigma becomes recepative, pollination is carried out using the desired pollen and the flower rebagged.