a) Name the technology that has helped the scientists to propogate on large scale the desired crops in short duration, List the steps carried out to propogate the crops by the said technique.
b) How are somatic hybrids obtained?

Explanation

a) Tissue culture is the technique that has helped scientists propogate the desired crops on a large scale in a short duration. The following steps are carried out to propogate crops by tissue culture.

1) Tissue culture is the proces of developing plant from a part of a plant. the plant part is called an explant.
2) Explants can be grown in sterile condtions in special nutrient media to regenerate complete plants.
3) Nutrient media contain a carbon source (such as sucrose), organic salts, vitamins, amino acids and phytohormones.
4) Hence, propogation is achieved for a large number of plants in a short duration. This process is called microprogation.
5) All the plants obtained by tissue culture are called somaclones since they are genetically identical to each other as well as the parent plant.
b) Somatic hybrids are obtained by the method of somatic hybridisation. In this method, the isolated protoplasts from two different varieties of plants are fused to get a hybrid protoplasts from two different varieteis of plants are fused to get a hybrid protoplast which can be further grown to form a pomato.