(a) Name the causative organisms for the following diseases :
(i) Elephantiasis
(ii) Ringworn
(iii) Amoebiasis
(b) How can public hygiene help control such diseases ?

Explanation

(a) (i) Elephantiasis :
1. It is caused by Wucheraria Bancrofti and Wucheraria Malayi.
2. They cause inflammation of the organs in which they live for many years.
3. They normally affect the lymph vessels of the lower limb causing them to swell like that of an elephant hence called elephantiasis.
4. Genital organs may also be affected leading to gross deformation.
5. Female culex mosquito is the vector.
(ii) Ringworm :
1. They are caused by fungi like Microsporum, Epidermophyton and Trichophyton.
2. The symptoms include (I) dry scaly lesions on skins, nail and scalp. (II) Lesions are accompanied by itching.
3. Ringworms are generally acquired from soil or by direct contact with the contaminated articles used by the infected persons.
(iii) Amoebiasis :
1. It is caused by Entamoeba histolytica.
2. Infection is through contaminated food and water.
3. the pathogen resides in the large intestine.
Its symptoms include :
1. Abdominal pain and cramps.
2. Stool with excess mucuc and blood clots.
3. Constipation. Housefly acts as mechanical carrier and transmits the parasite from faces of infected person to the food articles.
(b) Measures to prevent infectious diseases
`**" "Maintenance of personal hygiene
`**" "MAintenance of public hygiene
`**" "` Prevention of close contact with infected persons
`**" "`The elimination of vectors and their breeding places.
`**" "`Use of mosquito nets, introducing fishes like Gambusia in ponds
`**" "`Spraying insecticides in ditches, drainages, etc.
`**" "`Using vaccines, antibiotics and drugs.