Lichens are called pioneer colonisers of bare rock. How can they help in formation of soil?

Lichens are called pioneer colonisers of base rock. How can they help in formation of soil ?

Lichens are called pioneer colonisers of bare rock. How can they help in to formation of soil ?

The microorganisms that help in the formation of soil

Name the pioneer species organisms on a bare rock.

(A) : Lichens cannot be the pioneer species on a bare rock. (R) : They are unable to tolerate desiccation and temperature.

Name the pioneer species on a bare rock. How do they help in establishing the next type of vegetation? Mention the type of climax community that will ultimately . get established

Name the pioneer species on a bare rock. How do they help in establishing the next type of vegetation? Mention the type of climax community that will ultimately get established.