(a) Why is there a fear amongst the guardians that their adolescent wards may get trapped in drug/ alcohol abuse ?
(b) Explain ' addiction, and ' dependence ' in respect of drug/ alcohol abuse in youth.

Explanation

In other words , adolescence is a bridge linking childhood and adulthood . Adolescence is accompanied by several biological and behavioural change . Adolescence , thus is a very vulnerable phase of several biological and behavioural changes .Adolescence , thus is a very vulnerable phase of mental nad psychological development of an individual . of late , stress, from presssures to excel in academics or examinations , has played a significant role in persuading to smoke use drugs or alcohol , is also in a way a major cause for youth to start these babits. Television , moves , newspaper , internet also help to promote this perception. (b) Addiction is a psychological attachment to certain effects - such as euphoria and a temporary feeling of well - being - associated with drugs and alcohol . these drive people to take them even when these are not needed , or even when their use becomes self - destructive with repeated use of drugs , the tolerance level of the receptors present in our body increases. Consequently , the reseptors repound only to higher doses of drugs or alcohol leading to greater intake and addicition . However ,it should be clerly borne in mind , that use of these drugs even once , can be a a fore - runner to addiction . thus , the addictive the user into a vicious circle leading to their regular use (abuse) from which he/she may not be able to get out . In the absence of any guidance or counselling , the person gets addicted and becomes dependent on their use.
Dependence leads the patient to ignore all social norms in order to get sufficient funds to satiate his/her needs . these result in many social agjustment problems.