Write note on a) Emphysema and b) Tuberculosis.

Explanation

Empysema :
1. Emphysema is chronic breathlessness caused by gradual breakdown of the thin walls of the alveoli decreasing the total surface area of a gaseous exchange. i.e., widening of the alveoli is called emphysema.
2. The major cause for this disease is cigarette smoking, which reduces the respiratory surface of the alveolar walls.
(b) Tuberculosis :
1. It is a respiratory disorder caused by Mycobacterium tuberculae. 2. This infection mainly occurs in the lungs and bones. 3. Collection of fluid between the lungs and the chest wall is the main complication of this disease.