Explain aldol condensation with an example.

Explanation

Aldehydes and ketones having atleast one `prop` -hydrogen undergo a reaction in the presence of dilute alkali as catalyst to form `beta`- hydroxy aldehydes (aldol) or `beta`- hydroxy ketones (ketol). The aldol and ketol, on heating readily lose water to give `prop,beta` - unsaturated carybonyl compounds. This reaction is called aldol condensation.
Example -1 `underset("Ethanal")(2CH_(2)CHO)hArrCH_(3)-underset("Aldol")underset(OH)underset(|)(CH)-CH_(2)-CHOunderset(-H_(2)O)overset(Delta)tounderset("Aldol condensation product")(CH_(3)-CH=CH-CHO)`
Example -2
`underset("Prapanoue")(2CH_(3)COCH_(3))overset(Ba(OH)_(2))hArrCH_(3)-underset("Ketol")underset(OH)underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)C-CH_(2)COCH_(2)underset(-H_(2)O)overset(Delta)tounderset("Aldolcondensation product")(CH_(3)-overset(CH_(3))overset(|)C=CH-CO-CH_(3)`