(a) Complete the following equations:
(i)`RCH_(2)OH overset(1. Alk. KMnO_(4))underset(2. H_(2)O)(to)`
(ii) `CH_(3)COONa overset(CaO)underset(NaOH)(to)`
(b) Explain Aldol condensation reaction for acetaldehyde. Write equation.
(c) What is Formalin solution?

Explanation

(a) (i) R - COOH Carboxylic acid.
(ii) `CH_(4) + NO_(2) CO_(3)`
(b) Aldehydes and ketones having atleast one hydrogen undergo a reaction in the presence of dilute alkali as catalyst to form b-hydroxy aldehydes (aldol) or b-hydroxy ketones (ketol). The aldol and ketol, on heating readily lose water to give, p, b-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. This reaction is called aldol condensation. Example-1 `underset("Ethanal")(2CH_(3)CHO) hArr underset("Aldol")(CH_(3)-underset(OH)underset(|)(C)H-CH_(2))-CHOunderset(-H_(2)O)overset(Delta)to underset("Aldol condensation product")(CH_(3)-CH=CH-CHO)`
Example 2: `2CH_(3)COCH_(3) overset(Ba(OH)_(2))hArr underset("Ketol")(CH_(3)-underset(OH)underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(C)-CH_(@))COCH_(3) underset(-H_(2)O)overset(Delta)to underset("Aldol condensation product")(CH_(3)-overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(C)=CH-CO-CH_(3))`
(c) 40% aqueous solution of formaldehyde.