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Write the methods to introduce alien DNA...

Write the methods to introduce alien DNA into Host cells.

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(a) Electroporation (chemical method): The bacterial cell is placed in a solution with cold `CaCl_(2)` solution followed by placing them at 42°C and then putting them on ice. This results in the development of pores in the cell membrane.
(b) Microinjection: It is direct injection of a desired gene into the nucleus of an animal cell by microsyringe.
(c) Biolistics: Here a suitable plant cell is bombarded with high velocity microparticles of gold or tungsten coated with DNA in order to introduce DNA into the cell.
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