Explain the effects to temperature n plants and animals ?

Explanation

Temperature : It is the most important ecological factor affecting almost all the metabolic activities of the organisms. The metabolic activities begin at a certain minimum temperature and increase with increase of temperature, until they reach a maximum, at a temperature called optimum. Further rise of temperature, is accompanied by a fall in the metabolic activity until it ceases at a maximum temperature. Most of the organisms can survive only in a narrow range of temperature (`0^(circ)` - `35^(circ)`C).
• Effects of temperature on plants : The metabolic reactions, transpiration, mineral absorption and water uptake and reproduction in plants are effected by changes in temperture. All metabolic reactions are controlled by enzymes and variation of temperature effects enzyme action. The rate of transpiration increases with the increase of temperature. When the temperature is low the minerals remain tightly attached to soil. Many speciesof plant show flowering with low temperature treatment and this, phenomenon is called vernalization.
Equatorial region, tropics, temperate and polar regions have their own particular type of vegetation.
• Effect of temperature on animals : The variations of temperature seems to have remarkable effect on the metabolism of certain animals. Temperature affects the reproductive capacity of organisms and enzyme linked chemical reactions in the cells. Temperature also effects growth, development and morphology. It shows that different animals have different range of temperature tolerance. Based on this, animals are divided into the following categories.
Eurythermal organisms : These are the animals which can tolerate and thrive in a wide range of temperatures
e.g: Cyclops, toad, man, lizards etc.
Stenothermal organisms : These are the animals which can tolerate Only a narrow range of temperatures and the vast majority of animals are stenothermal, e.g r fishes, corals and snail.