Describe the process of translation of mRNA.

Explanation

The prcess of translation of ncleotide langauge of mRNA into aminoacid language by tRNA is called translation . This process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes .
The process of translation invoves the follwing steps .
1. Activation of aminoacids
2. Initiation of polypetide chain .
3. Elongation of polypetide chain
4. Termination of polypeptide chain .
1. Acticvation of aminoacids : Amino acids are present in the sytoplasm and are in inactive form these are combined with ATP in presence of an enzyme aminoacyl synthetase and Mg_++ ions forming activated aminoacid .
Amino acid + ATP AMNO ACYL SYNTHETASE / to
Amino acid -AMP - enzyme complex
This activated amino acid then cobines with 3 end of tRNA forming aminoacyl-tRNA complex or charged RNA and AMP is released .
2. Initiation of polypeptide chain : In this process , mRNA gets attached to 30s ribosomal subunit . Now the tRNA carrying activated to the first codon of mRNA . it takes place inpresence of GTP and initiation complex . Now 50 s ribosomal sub -unit combines with 30 s ribosomal unit forming 70s ribosome . the first tRNA - aminoacid complex is now at .p. site of ribosome .
3. Elongation of polypeptide chain : The .A. site of 50s ribosome is now free and so the second tRNA with second activated aminoacid in presence of peptidy transferase at .p. site . NOw the ribosome moves a distance of one codon so that the .A. site become vacant . Meanwhile the 3_rd