Explain the following terms:
(a) Adaptive radiation
(b) Founder's effect
(c) Homologous organs
(d) Analogous organs
(e) Saltation

Explanation

(a) Adaptive radiation: The process of  evolution of different species in a given geographical area starting from a point and radiating to other areas of geography (habitats) is called adaptive radiation.
(b) Founder.s effect: Sometimes the  change in allele frequency is, so different in the new sample of population that they become a different becomes founders and the effect is called Founder.s effect.
(c) Homologous organs: The organs having similar structure but perform different functions are known as homologous organs.
(d) Analogous organs: The organs having different structures and perform similar functions are known as Analogous organs.(e) Saltation: A single step large mutation which can result in speciation is known as saltation.