(a) How will you convert the following:
(i) Propanone to Propan-2-o1
(ii) Ethanal to 2-hydroxy propanoic acid
(iii) Toluene to benzoic acid
(b) Give simple chemical test to distinguish between:
(i) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one
(ii) Ethanal and Propanal

Explanation

(i) Propanone to propan-2-01
`underset("Propan-2-01")underset()(H-overset(H)overset(|)underset(H)underset(|)C-overset(H)overset(|)underset(O-H)underset(|)C-overset(H)overset(|)underset(H)underset(|)C-H)overset(Cu//573k)larrunderset("Propanone")underset()(H-overset(H)overset(|)underset(H)underset(|)C-underset(O)underset(||)C-overset(H)overset(|)underset(H)underset(|)C-H)`
(ii) Ethanal to 2-hycdroxy propanoic acid
`{:(" "KCN " "OH " "OH) , (" "H^(+) " " | " "H^(+)" "|) , (CH_(3)CHO to CH_(3)CHCN to CH_(3)CH-COOH),(" ""Et.OH" " "H_(2)O), ("""Ethanal" " ""2-hydroxy propanoic acid"):}`

(b) (i) Pentan-2- one and pentan-3-one
`CH_(3)-overset(O)overset(||)C-CH_(2)-CH_(2)-CH_(3)+underset("hypoiodite")underset("Sodium")(3NaOI)overset(NaOH//I_(2))underset("Heat")rarrC0HI_(3)+underset("(iodoforn)")underset("Yellow ppt.")(CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)COON_(a))+2NaOH`
(ii) Ethanal and Propanal `CH_(3)CH_(2)CHO+3NaOIrarr" no reaction "`