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The conclusions of Rutherford scattering...

The conclusions of Rutherford scattering experiment does not include:

A

`alpha`- Particle can come within a distance of the order of `10^(-14)` m of the nucleus.

B

The radius of the nucleus is less than `1 0^(-14)` m

C

Scattering follows Coulomb's law

D

The ( +) vely charged particles of an atom move with extremely high velocities.

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To solve the question regarding the conclusions of Rutherford's scattering experiment, we will analyze the conclusions drawn from the experiment and identify which one does not belong. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding Rutherford's Experiment**: - Rutherford conducted an experiment where alpha particles were directed at a thin gold foil. The purpose was to study the structure of the atom. 2. **Key Observations from the Experiment**: - Most of the alpha particles passed through the foil without any deflection. - A small number of alpha particles were deflected at small angles. - A very few alpha particles were deflected back at angles close to 180 degrees. 3. **Conclusions Drawn by Rutherford**: - **Conclusion 1**: Most of the atom is empty space (since most alpha particles passed through). - **Conclusion 2**: The nucleus is small and contains most of the atom's mass (as indicated by the deflections). - **Conclusion 3**: The nucleus is positively charged, which is responsible for the deflection of the positively charged alpha particles. 4. **Analyzing the Given Options**: - **Option 1**: "Alpha particles can come within a distance of the order of \(10^{-14}\) m of the nucleus." (This is true based on the calculations of the distance of closest approach.) - **Option 2**: "The radius of the nucleus is less than \(10^{-14}\) m." (This is also true as the radius of the nucleus is indeed on the order of \(10^{-15}\) m.) - **Option 3**: "Scattering follows Coulomb's law." (This is true as the deflection of alpha particles is due to electrostatic forces.) - **Option 4**: "The positively charged particle of an atom moves with extremely high velocity." (This is misleading because while alpha particles have high kinetic energy, the statement implies a generalization about all positively charged particles, which is not a conclusion of the experiment.) 5. **Conclusion**: - The statement that does not belong to the conclusions of Rutherford's experiment is **Option 4**. ### Final Answer: The conclusion of Rutherford's scattering experiment that does not include is **Option 4: The positively charged particle of an atom moves with extremely high velocity.**
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