Low volatile nature of `H_2SO_4` is due to :

Options

A. Hydrogen bonding
B. Van der waals' forces
C. Strong bonds
D. Highvi scosicity

Explanation

To determine why the low volatility of \( H_2SO_4 \) (sulfuric acid) occurs, we can analyze the factors affecting the volatility of a substance. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the reasoning:

### Step 1: Understand Volatility
Volatility refers to the tendency of a substance to vaporize. A volatile substance has a high vapor pressure, meaning it can easily form vapors. Conversely, a low volatile substance has a low vapor pressure and does not easily form vapors.

**Hint:** Remember that volatility is related to how easily a substance can transition from liquid to gas.

### Step 2: Identify the Bonds in \( H_2SO_4 \)
The molecular structure of sulfuric acid consists of sulfur (S) bonded to four oxygen (O) atoms, with two of these oxygens also bonded to hydrogen (H) atoms. The key bonds present in \( H_2SO_4 \) include:
- Double bonds between sulfur and oxygen (S=O)
- Single bonds between sulfur and hydroxyl groups (S-OH)

**Hint:** Look at the types of bonds present in the molecule to understand its stability.

### Step 3: Consider Hydrogen Bonding
In \( H_2SO_4 \), the hydrogen atoms can form hydrogen bonds with the electronegative oxygen atoms of other \( H_2SO_4 \) molecules. Hydrogen bonding is a strong intermolecular force that occurs when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like oxygen.

**Hint:** Recall that hydrogen bonds are stronger than typical van der Waals forces and significantly affect the physical properties of a substance.

### Step 4: Analyze the Energy Required to Break Bonds
To vaporize a substance, the intermolecular forces holding the molecules together must be overcome. In the case of \( H_2SO_4 \), the presence of strong hydrogen bonds means that a considerable amount of energy is required to break these bonds and allow the molecules to escape into the vapor phase.

**Hint:** The stronger the intermolecular forces, the more energy is needed to vaporize the substance.

### Step 5: Conclusion on Low Volatility
Due to the strong hydrogen bonding in \( H_2SO_4 \), it requires more energy to break these bonds compared to substances with weaker intermolecular forces. As a result, \( H_2SO_4 \) has low volatility.

**Final Answer:** The low volatile nature of \( H_2SO_4 \) is primarily due to hydrogen bonding.