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SN^1 reaction is favoured by...

`S_N^1` reaction is favoured by

A

Non - polar solvents

B

Bulky alkyl groups on the carbon atom attached to halogen atom

C

Less steric hindrance containing akyl halides

D

Less stable carbocation

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The correct Answer is:
B
Bulky alkyl group attached toe carbon increases the stability of carbocation
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The high reactivity of alkyl halides can be explained in tems of nature of C-X bond which is highly polarised covalent bond due to large difference in the electronegativities of carbon and halogen atom. This polarity is responsible for the nucleophilic substitution reaction of alkyl halides which mostly occur by S_(N^(1)) and S_(N^(2)) mechanisms. S_(N^(1)) reaction is a two step process and in the first step R-X ionises to give carbocation (slow process). In the second step the nucleophilic attacks the carbocation from either side to form the prodcut (fast process) . In S_(N^(1)) reaction there can be reacemization and inversion . S_(N^(1)) reaction is favoured by heavy (bulky) groups on the carbon atom attached to halogens. i.e., R_(3)C-Xgt R_(2)CH-Xgt R_CH_(2)X gt CH_(3)X. " In " S_(N^(2)) reaction the strong nucleophilie OH^(-) attacks from the opposite side of the chlorine atom to give an inyermediate (transition state). which breaks to yield the product (alcohol) and leaving (X^(-)) group. The alcohol has a configuration opposite to that of the bromide and is said to proceed with inversion of configuration. S_(N^(2)) reaction is favoured by small groups on the carbon atom attached to halogen i.e., CH_(3)-X gt R-CH_(2)X gt R_(2) CHX gt R_(3) C-X S_(N^(1)) reaction of optically active alkyl halide leads to :

The high reactivity of alkyl halides can be explained in tems of nature of C-X bond which is highly polarised covalent bond due to large difference in the electronegativities of carbon and halogen atom. This polarity is responsible for the nucleophilic substitution reaction of alkyl halides which mostly occur by S_(N^(1)) and S_(N^(2)) mechanisms. S_(N^(1)) reaction is a two step process and in the first step R-X ionises to give carbocation (slow process). In the second step the nucleophilic attacks the carbocation from either side to form the prodcut (fast process) . In S_(N^(1)) reaction there can be reacemization and inversion . S_(N^(1)) reaction is favoured by heavy (bulky) groups on the carbon atom attached to halogens. i.e., R_(3)C-Xgt R_(2)CH-Xgt R_CH_(2)X gt CH_(3)X. " In " S_(N^(2)) reaction the strong nucleophilie OH^(-) attacks from the opposite side of the chlorine atom to give an inyermediate (transition state). which breaks to yield the product (alcohol) and leaving (X^(-)) group. The alcohol has a configuration opposite to that of the bromide and is said to proceed with inversion of configuration. S_(N^(2)) reaction is favoured by small groups on the carbon atom attached to halogen i.e., CH_(3)-X gt R-CH_(2)X gt R_(2) CHX gt R_(3) C-X An S_(N^(2)) reaction at an asymmetric carbon of a compound always gives:

Statement -1 : Rate of S_(N)1 reaction is faster than that of S_(N)2 reaction Statement -2 : S_(N)2 reaction is favoured by polar aprotic solvent Statement -3 : S_(N)1 reaction involves racemization

SN^2 is favoured by

NARAYNA-HALOALKANE AND HALOARENES-EXERCISE - I (C.W)
  1. Para - substituted benzyl bromide undergeos SN1 reaction with nucleoph...

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  2. The products of reaction of alcoholic silver nitrite with enthyl bromi...

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  3. Ethylidene chloride on treatement with aq. KOH gives

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  4. The order of reactivities of the following alkyl halides for a S(N^(2)...

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  5. CH3OHoverset(PI3)rarr(A)overset(KCN)rarr(B)overset("Hydrolysis")rarr(C...

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  6. SN^1 reaction is favoured by

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  7. Which among the following alkane of formula (C6H14) gives five types o...

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  8. Which of the following statement is correct about C2H5Br ?

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  9. R-X+NaOHtoROH+NaX The above reaction is classified as

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  10. The dipole moment of CH3X (where X is a halogen) follows the order

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  11. Which of the following statement is false regarding SN2 reaction shown...

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  12. Identify the set of reagents // reaction conditions 'X' and 'Y' in the...

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  13. In the given reaction sequence: [X] will be

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  14. underset((A))(C4H8Cl2)underset("Heat")overset(alc.KOH)rarrBoverset(HgS...

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  15. Which one is most easily dehydrohalogenated ?

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  16. The above structural formula refers to

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  17. Which of the following will react with water?

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  18. CHCl3 on oxidation by air in presence of light gives

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  19. The final product formed by distilling ethyl alcohol with excess of Cl...

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  20. Chloroform is stored in dark coloured bottles because it is oxidized i...

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