When aryl halide are treated with sodium in dry ether , it gives a product in which two aryl group are joined together. This reaction is called as

Options

A. Wurtz reaction
B. Fitting reaction
C. Wurtz's Fitting reaction
D. Swarts reaction

Answer

To solve the question regarding the reaction of aryl halides with sodium in dry ether, we can break it down into the following steps:

### Step 1: Understanding the Reactants
We start with aryl halides, which are compounds that contain a halogen atom (like Cl, Br, or I) attached to an aromatic ring. The presence of sodium (Na) and dry ether as a solvent is crucial for the reaction.

**Hint:** Identify the structure of aryl halides and the role of sodium and dry ether in the reaction.

### Step 2: Reaction Mechanism
When aryl halides are treated with sodium in dry ether, a coupling reaction occurs. Sodium acts as a reducing agent, facilitating the removal of the halogen atom from the aryl halide. This leads to the formation of a radical species.

**Hint:** Consider how sodium interacts with the halogen in the aryl halide and the formation of radicals.

### Step 3: Formation of Biphenyl
The radicals generated from two aryl halides can then couple together to form a new compound. In this case, two aryl groups combine to form biphenyl, which is a compound consisting of two phenyl rings connected by a single bond.

**Hint:** Visualize the coupling of two aryl radicals to form a biphenyl structure.

### Step 4: By-products of the Reaction
During this reaction, sodium halide (NaX) is produced as a by-product. Since two aryl halides are used, two moles of sodium halide will be formed.

**Hint:** Remember to account for the by-products formed during the reaction.

### Step 5: Naming the Reaction
This specific reaction where aryl halides couple in the presence of sodium in dry ether is known as the **Wurtz reaction**. It is a classic method for forming biphenyls from aryl halides.

**Hint:** Recall the name associated with the coupling of aryl groups through the use of sodium.

### Final Answer
The reaction when aryl halides are treated with sodium in dry ether, resulting in the joining of two aryl groups, is called the **Wurtz reaction**.

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