In the given reaction : Carbonyl compound,
`C_(8) H_(16) O [X] overset("KMnO"_(4)//H^(oplus)//Delta)(rarr) ` 2 moles of butanoic acid [X] will be :

Options

A. 2-octanone
B. 3-octanone
C. 4-octanone
D. 2-methyl-3-heptanone

Explanation

To solve the problem, we need to identify the carbonyl compound \( C_8H_{16}O \) that, upon oxidation, yields two moles of butanoic acid. Let's break down the steps:

### Step 1: Understand the Reaction
The reaction involves the oxidation of a carbonyl compound (which can be either an aldehyde or a ketone) to produce butanoic acid. Butanoic acid has the formula \( C_4H_8O_2 \).

### Step 2: Determine the Number of Carbons
The carbonyl compound has 8 carbons (C8) and the product (butanoic acid) has 4 carbons. Since we are producing 2 moles of butanoic acid, the total number of carbons in the products is \( 2 \times 4 = 8 \). This means that the carbonyl compound must be split into two parts that each contribute to the formation of butanoic acid.

### Step 3: Identify the Type of Carbonyl Compound
Since we are getting two moles of butanoic acid, the carbonyl compound must be a ketone. This is because:
- Aldehydes would retain the same number of carbons upon oxidation.
- Ketones can break down into smaller carbon chains.

### Step 4: Analyze the Given Options
We have the following options for \( C_8H_{16}O \):
1. 2-octanone
2. 3-octanone
3. 4-octanone
4. 2-methylheptanone

### Step 5: Consider the Symmetry of the Ketone
To yield two identical butanoic acid molecules, the ketone must be symmetrical. This means that the carbonyl group should be positioned such that upon oxidation, it can break down evenly into two parts.

### Step 6: Evaluate Each Option
- **2-octanone**: The carbonyl group is at the second carbon. Oxidation would not yield two identical butanoic acids.
- **3-octanone**: The carbonyl group is at the third carbon. This would also not yield two identical butanoic acids.
- **4-octanone**: The carbonyl group is at the fourth carbon. Upon oxidation, this can break down into two butanoic acids.
- **2-methylheptanone**: This is not symmetrical and would not yield two identical butanoic acids.

### Step 7: Conclusion
The only option that allows for the symmetrical breakdown into two moles of butanoic acid is **4-octanone**.

Thus, the carbonyl compound \( C_8H_{16}O \) is **4-octanone**.

### Final Answer:
The carbonyl compound \( C_8H_{16}O \) that yields two moles of butanoic acid upon oxidation is **4-octanone**.

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