Trachephyta includes

Options

A. pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms
B. only spermatophytes
C. bryophytes and spermatophytes
D. thallophytes and bryophytes

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Tracheophyta**:
- Tracheophyta, also known as vascular plants, are characterized by the presence of vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) which are essential for the conduction of water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant.

2. **Identifying the Groups within Tracheophyta**:
- Tracheophyta includes three main groups:
- **Pteridophytes**: These are non-seed vascular plants that reproduce via spores. Examples include ferns and horsetails.
- **Gymnosperms**: These are seed-producing plants that have naked seeds, meaning their seeds are not enclosed in an ovary. Examples include conifers like pines and spruces.
- **Angiosperms**: These are flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed within a fruit. They are the most diverse group of plants.

3. **Evaluating the Options**:
- **Option 1**: Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms – This option correctly lists all the groups included in Tracheophyta.
- **Option 2**: Only Spermatophytes – This is incorrect as it does not include Pteridophytes.
- **Option 3**: Bryophytes and Spermatophytes – This is incorrect as Bryophytes are non-vascular plants and not part of Tracheophyta.
- **Option 4**: Thallophytes and Bryophytes – This is also incorrect as both of these groups lack vascular tissues.

4. **Conclusion**:
- The correct answer is **Option 1**: Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms.