In hydridization emasculation and bagging are useful respectively to avoid

Options

A. Self pollination and unwanted cross pollination
B. Unwanted cross pollination and autogamy
C. Male sterility and autogamy
D. Autogamy and male sterility

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Hybridization**: Hybridization is the process of crossing two different varieties or species of plants to produce a hybrid with desired traits. To achieve successful hybridization, certain techniques are employed to control the pollination process.

2. **Emasculation**: The first technique is emasculation, which involves the removal of anthers from the flower. This step is crucial because it prevents self-pollination, which occurs when pollen from the same flower fertilizes its ovules. By removing the anthers, we ensure that the flower cannot fertilize itself.

3. **Bagging**: The second technique is bagging, where the flower is covered with a bag (usually made of paper or cloth) after emasculation. This prevents any unwanted cross-pollination from external pollen sources. The bagging ensures that only the desired pollen, which will be introduced later, can fertilize the ovules.

4. **Purpose of Both Techniques**: Together, emasculation and bagging are used to avoid self-pollination and unwanted cross-pollination. This increases the chances of successful hybridization by allowing controlled cross-pollination with selected pollen.

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, in hybridization, emasculation is useful to avoid self-pollination, and bagging is useful to avoid unwanted cross-pollination.

**Final Answer**: In hybridization, emasculation and bagging are useful respectively to avoid self-pollination and unwanted cross-pollination.

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