Which kingdom incorporates photoautotrophs, chaemoautotrophs and heterotrophis?

Options

A. Protista
B. Archaebacteria
C. Monera
D. Plantae

Answer

To answer the question "Which kingdom incorporates photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs, and heterotrophs?", we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Define Photoautotrophs**:
- Photoautotrophs are organisms that use sunlight to synthesize their food through the process of photosynthesis. Examples include plants and certain bacteria.

**Hint**: Remember that photoautotrophs rely on sunlight for energy.

2. **Define Chemoautotrophs**:
- Chemoautotrophs are organisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic substances, using chemicals to produce their own food. Many bacteria fall into this category.

**Hint**: Chemoautotrophs do not rely on sunlight; they use chemical reactions for energy.

3. **Define Heterotrophs**:
- Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot produce their own food and instead rely on consuming other organisms for energy. This includes animals, fungi, and some bacteria.

**Hint**: Heterotrophs depend on other living things for their nutrition.

4. **Identify the Kingdoms**:
- **Monera**: This kingdom includes bacteria, which can be photoautotrophs (like cyanobacteria), chemoautotrophs (like certain sulfur bacteria), and heterotrophs (like many pathogenic bacteria).
- **Protista**: While some protists can be photoautotrophs (like Euglena), they do not encompass all three types of nutrition.
- **Plantae**: This kingdom primarily consists of photoautotrophs (plants) and does not include chemoautotrophs or heterotrophs.
- **Fungi**: Fungi are heterotrophic and do not perform photosynthesis.
- **Animalia**: This kingdom is composed entirely of heterotrophs.

**Hint**: Consider which kingdom has representatives of all three nutritional types.

5. **Conclusion**:
- The kingdom that incorporates photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs, and heterotrophs is **Monera**. This kingdom includes various bacteria that can perform all three types of nutrition.

**Final Answer**: Monera is the correct answer.