Cell envelope of prokaryotes includes

Options

A. Glycocalyx +cell wall + plasma membrane
B. Cell wall + plasma membrane
C. Cell wall + plasma membrane + mesosomes
D. Slime layer + cell wall + plasma membrane

Answer

To answer the question "Cell envelope of prokaryotes includes," we will analyze the components that make up the cell envelope of prokaryotic cells step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Prokaryotic Cells**:
- Prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms that lack a defined nucleus. They include bacteria and archaea.

2. **Identifying the Cell Envelope**:
- The cell envelope is the outermost layer of the prokaryotic cell, which provides structure and protection. It typically consists of multiple layers.

3. **Components of the Cell Envelope**:
- The cell envelope of prokaryotes generally includes:
- **Glycocalyx**: This is an outermost layer that can be in the form of a capsule or slime layer. It is primarily composed of polysaccharides and serves various functions, including protection and aiding in adhesion.
- **Cell Wall**: The cell wall provides shape and rigidity to the cell. In bacteria, it is primarily made of peptidoglycan, which is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids.
- **Plasma Membrane**: This is a phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the cell, acting as a barrier to control the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

4. **Evaluating the Options**:
- **Option 1**: Glycocalyx - This is correct as it is part of the cell envelope.
- **Option 2**: Cell wall plus plasma membrane - This is partially correct but does not include the glycocalyx.
- **Option 3**: Cell wall, plasma membrane, and mesosomes - Mesosomes are infoldings of the plasma membrane and are not considered a part of the cell envelope.
- **Option 4**: Slime layer, cell wall, and plasma membrane - This is incorrect because the slime layer is a form of glycocalyx, but the option is misleading.

5. **Conclusion**:
- The correct answer is that the cell envelope of prokaryotes includes the glycocalyx, cell wall, and plasma membrane. However, the most accurate representation of the cell envelope would emphasize the glycocalyx as a significant component.

### Final Answer:
The cell envelope of prokaryotes includes glycocalyx, cell wall, and plasma membrane.

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