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A few ions are molecules are transported...

A few ions are molecules are transported across the membrane by an energy independent process A. A few ions or molecules are transported across the membrane through carrier proteins, by an energy dependent process -B, Neutral solutes may move across the membrane by a process-C. Movement of water by diffusion across the membrane is - D. Among A,B,C and D which of the following take place against conc,gradient ?

A

All

B

A,B,C

C

B and D

D

Except A,C & D

Text Solution

AI Generated Solution

The correct Answer is:
To determine which of the processes (A, B, C, or D) takes place against the concentration gradient, we need to analyze each option step by step: ### Step 1: Understand the Concentration Gradient - The concentration gradient refers to the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas. Movement along the gradient means moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Conversely, movement against the gradient means moving from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. ### Step 2: Analyze Option A - **A**: A few ions or molecules are transported across the membrane by an energy-independent process. - This describes passive transport, which occurs along the concentration gradient. Therefore, **A does not take place against the concentration gradient**. ### Step 3: Analyze Option B - **B**: A few ions or molecules are transported across the membrane through carrier proteins, by an energy-dependent process. - This describes active transport, which requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient. Therefore, **B does take place against the concentration gradient**. ### Step 4: Analyze Option C - **C**: Neutral solutes may move across the membrane by a process. - Neutral solutes typically move along the concentration gradient, similar to passive transport. Therefore, **C does not take place against the concentration gradient**. ### Step 5: Analyze Option D - **D**: Movement of water by diffusion across the membrane is. - This refers to osmosis, which is the movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration, but it is still considered movement along the concentration gradient of water. Therefore, **D does not take place against the concentration gradient**. ### Conclusion Among the options A, B, C, and D, only **B** involves movement against the concentration gradient. ### Final Answer The process that takes place against the concentration gradient is **B**. ---
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