Which of the following processes includes all others ?

Options

A. Osmosis
B. Diffusion of a solute across a membrane
C. Facilitaed diffusion
D. Passive transport

Answer

To solve the question "Which of the following processes includes all others?" we need to analyze the given options: Osmosis, Diffusion of a solute across a membrane, Facilitated Diffusion, and Passive Transport.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Types of Transport**:
- There are two main types of transport in cells: Passive Transport and Active Transport.
- Passive Transport occurs along the concentration gradient (from high to low concentration) and does not require ATP (energy).
- Active Transport occurs against the concentration gradient (from low to high concentration) and requires ATP.

2. **Analyze Each Process**:
- **Osmosis**: This is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane, driven by the concentration of solutes. It is a type of passive transport.
- **Diffusion of a Solute Across a Membrane**: This is the movement of solute molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, also a passive process.
- **Facilitated Diffusion**: This involves the movement of molecules across a membrane via specific proteins, still following the concentration gradient, and is also a form of passive transport.

3. **Identify the Commonality**:
- All three processes (Osmosis, Diffusion of a solute, and Facilitated Diffusion) are types of Passive Transport. They all involve movement from high to low concentration without the use of energy.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Since Passive Transport encompasses Osmosis, Diffusion of a solute, and Facilitated Diffusion, the correct answer to the question is **Passive Transport**.

### Final Answer:
The process that includes all others is **Passive Transport**.

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